Carbon sequestration is determined using a baseyear approach, where the amount of carbon sequestered is measured relative to the baseyear carbon measurement or previous reporting period carbon. Reforestation includes the process of planting or otherwise regenerating and establishing a desired forest community on a given site. Introduction to deforestation, forestation, afforestation and reforestation. Reforestation is planting trees again in areas where trees have been removed, afforestation is the process of planting trees and forests in areas that have so far not had trees. An important part of reforestation is the selection of an appropriate tree species or forest community to manage. Afforestation is the reverse of deforestation and includes.
Afforestation and reforestation activities ipcc good practice guidance for lulucf afforestation and reforestation activities ipcc good practice guidance for lulucf cla b. Afforestation and reforestation ar methodologies approved by the cdm executive board all approved methodologies for large scale ar cdm projects are available on this page. The main regional policy process on forests, the ministerial conference on the protection of forests in europemcpfe refers to afforestation and reforestation issues in various commitments. While reforestation is increasing the number of trees of an. Reforestation refers to the process of specifically planting native trees into a forest which has a decreasing number of trees. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. While afforestation can restore previously forested areas and help to remove carbon dioxide, it can have detrimental effects on species diversity and agriculture profits. Risk assessment of afforestation and reforestation processes 198 each of the above reforestation processes is slightly different approach, but the main job process is similar. Pdf forest conservation, afforestation and reforestation in india. Afforestation, restoration and regeneration usda forest service. Consequently, it offers opportunities for various reconstruction processes in comparative analyzes and determination of critical control points. The book is a comprehensive manual of practice for execution of afforestation and tree planting programmes in arid and semiarid tropics. The approved methodologies for small scale ar projects are published here.
When we think about trees, the first thing that comes to our mind is that trees are lungs of our planet. Here we will focus on the supply side, with emphasis on carbonsequestration projects involving reforestation or afforestation. Afforestation definition in the cambridge english dictionary. Afforestation and reforestation management in romania. Afforestation vs reforestation afforestation and reforestation are the converse of avoiding deforestation.
Risk assessment of afforestation and reforestation processes. Both practices can contribute to negative emissions since the growth of additional plant sequesters atmospheric co 2 and naturally sink it in their biomass and in the soil. Advantages and disadvantages of afforestation sciencing. Considering forest as a natural resource which replenishes itself, the forest management should avoid resource depletion caused by increased wood consumption. When changes in patterns of human settlements and livelihood practices result in agricultural fields being abandoned, those areas can often naturally reestablish as forest, as natural succession processes occur. Pdf this article presents an assessment of the implications of past and current forest conservation and regeneration policies and. Deforestation is the process of permanent destruction of a forest a. The term afforestation is most often used in conjunction with discussions of carbon sequestration, which is the process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by. This can be achieved by ensuring that deforestation is kept to a minimum and afforestation only occurs on truly degraded land. Advantages and importance of reforestation earth eclipse. This book is a printed edition of the special issue afforestation and reforestation. That is a non disputable fact, but trees are so much more. India also has passed a law called compensatory afforestation fund.
Ii afforestation and reforestation michael bredemeier, achim. Afforestation is the process of planting trees, or sowing seeds, in a barren land devoid of any trees to create a forest. Afforestation and plantation forestry plantation forestry for the 21st century. Use of modeling data as the basis for reforestation or affore station efforts has predicted many anthropogenicinduced changes for a number of individual forest tree species.
Reforestation is the act of planting new trees where trees have recently been cut down or destroyed. Reforestation 5 stock type stock type is a general indication of seedling size, age, and other characteristics figure 3. Some 90% of plantation forests have been established primarily to provide industrial wood, and. Obstacles and opportunities for afforestation and reforestation. Afforestation and reforestation in the mediterranean region the first generation of the afforestation project in the mediterranean region was mainly based on pure, evenaged aleppo pine forests, which were established on hills and mountains.
On the other hand, afforestation represents the creation of a new. If an afforestation or reforestation project is perceived as being an impediment to local livelihoods, it may create an incentive for illegal harvesting or clearing, also threatening the permanence of carbon sequestration. However, it is not to be mistaken with reforestation. Difference between afforestation and reforestation. Afforestation and reforestation for climate change. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism 325 3 social and environmental impact under a laissez faire approach i argue in this section that fast growing industrial plantations are likely to dominate under a laissez faire approach and that their environmental and social implications are likely to be highly variable. For afforestationreforestation project activities, the gold standard recognises auditors that are. Reforestation 5 considerations r increasing planting complexity may increase planting costs. Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands forestation that have been depleted, usually through deforestation. Pdf assessment of afforestation and reforestation efforts by. I will explain in points to make everyone understand better there are few differences given here to satisfy your question how are deforestation and afforestation different. Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and reforestation. Replanting trees on open land is called reforestation. Afforestation and reforestation are addressed at paneuropean level in the context of sfm sustainable forest management.
Reforestation is not the same as afforestation, though both are directed towards propagating greenery. The distinction between afforestation and reforestation on time reference is questionable, and in some cases both actions are treated identically, e. Active forms of forest restoration or reforestation, where specific actions are taken to ensure or accelerate re. Afforestation vs reforestation the brain bank north west. Afforestation, restoration and regeneration not all. Hence, reforestation is in charge of increasing the number of trees of an existing forest. Afforestation, reforestation and forest restoration in. Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and reforestation projects under the clean development mechanism itto technical series 25 by timothy pearson, sarah walker and sandra brown the international tropical timber organization itto is an intergovernmental organization promoting the conservation and sustainable management. Second, forest area trends alone provide a poor measure of arr success and mitigation.
It is different from reforestation, which is replanting trees where a forest has been depleted. If trees are planted on areas that have been without forest for a long time the term afforestation is used. Afforestation ct and ny only afforestation offset projects sequester carbon through the conversion of land from a nonforested to forested condition. Estimated that global forests remove around 3 billion tons of carbon per yearabout 30% of yearly emissions from fossil fuels. Afforestation and plantation forestry plantation forestry for the 21st century peter j kanowski 1 summary plantation forests now comprise around 5 million ha globally, with annual plantation afforestation and reforestation rates nearing 10% of total area. It includes a compact running account of the technology of afforestation and the relevant principles and practices in management of afforestation projects. Introduction to deforestation, forestation, afforestation. This would be achieved by i increasing the size of afforested and reforested areas. Afforestation is the endeavour to forest an area which originally had no tree cover.
Afforestation and plantation forestry food and agriculture. Afforestation is the planting of trees to create a forest on nonforest land. The main purposes for implementing afforestation are commercial forestry and environmental restoration or preservation. If in still existing but highly disturbed forest after logging trees are planted than this activity is called enrichment planting. The sicilian case study in the mesomediterranean bioclimate, relative soc stock increase with cul tivation abandonment, i. According to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc, these terms are defined as direct human induced conservation of non forested lands back to forested lands with the help of activities such as planting, seeding, and human induced promotions of natural. Pdf 2018 definitions of forest, deforestation, afforestation, and. Afforestation and reforestation projects under the clean. Reforestation can be used to rectify or improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of. In the broad sense of the term, forest restoration is not new. Aleppo pine was later replaced by brutia pine because of its susceptibility to pests. Drivers, dynamics, and impacts that was published in forests download pdf add this book to my library.
The objective project climate resilient participatory afforestation and reforestation project is to improve the resilience of selected communities in the coastal and hilly areas of bangladesh. Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and. Although more than 600 cdm projects are registered, those involving afforestation and reforestation ar are proving slow to become operational. It is good practice to provide documentation that all afforestation and reforestation activities included in the identified units of land are direct humaninduced. The mofsc through district forest offices provide technical support as well as seedlings for afforestation and reforestation in degraded lands including forests. Afforestation is the act of planting forests where no forest has existed before or where there hasnt been a forest in a long time. It is the effort to create a new forest in a previously unforested area or a part of land that was not under forest cover.
Summary plantation forests now comprise around 5 million ha globally, with annual plantation afforestation and reforestation rates nearing 10% of total area. Tree planting for carbon sequestration congressional research service 3 establishing forest stands on the scale needed to achieve a billion tons of co 2 offsets would be a dramatic increase compared to recent activity. It has to be noted that both reforestation and afforestation can be advantageous when tackling global warming. However, possible negative impacts must also be taken into account in order to protect the planet as a whole. Afforestationreforestation ar requirements the gold standard. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, kalu and others published assessment of afforestation and reforestation efforts by forestry department, ministry of. Afforestation is the conversion of abandoned and degraded agricultural lands into forests, while reforestation is the replantation of trees in deforested land. Former woodland may be restored by alleviation of grazing. Reforestation, afforestation and enrichment planting. Reforestation and afforestation carbon sequestration 101. To comprehend fully the benefits of afforestation and reforestation, one must first entirely understand the extent to which the deforestation is harming the global population, earths soils and biodiversity, while pushing the global climate change into the irreversible direction of global warming.
The native birch plays a key role for soil protection. For example, a 20 seedling is grown for 2 years in a seedbed. Notable examples of reforestation and afforestation kenya. One potentially huge drawback of afforestation is the simple fact that it comes with real opportunity cost, where the transformed lands can no longer be used residential developments and agriculture that are highly beneficial to the society through more supply of food and housing for those who need them. Afforestation and reforestation seek to achieve the goal of new forest growth in slightly different ways. Climate change mitigation through afforestation reforestation. The term should not be confused with reforestation, which is the process of specifically planting native trees into a forest that has decreasing numbers of trees. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive approach to afforestation and reforestation, which should consider carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development. The green belt movement was founded in 1977 by professor wangari maathai, and since then, it has been using reforestation as an entry point to tackle larger environmental and social issues poverty, inequality, food and water insecurity, land grabbing and ecosystem destruction. For afforestation to take place, it needs study and process because the land may not be suitable for planting. Forest service reforestation efforts in 2007 totaled 73,921 acres. Regular afforestation and reforestation activities of the district forest offices and cfugs are helping to restore degraded forests in nepal. Experiment findings pdf available april 2018 with 5,486 reads.
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